Право. Людина. Довкілля

Інклюзивний ринок праці: нормативні барʼєри та можливості людей з інвалідністю в Європі

Наталія Полішко, Данило Зелінський
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Анотація

Метою дослідження була оцінка нормативних барʼєрів та можливостей інклюзивного ринку праці для людей з інвалідністю в Україні та країнах Європи. У дослідженні було проведено порівняльний аналіз нормативних барʼєрів, аналіз статистичних даних інклюзивного ринку праці, працевлаштування людей з інвалідністю та можливостей працевлаштування осіб з інвалідністю в Україні, Польщі, Федеративній Республіці Німеччина та Франції. В Україні закони “Про основи соціальної захищеності осіб з інвалідністю” та “Про зайнятість населення” встановлюють квоти для працевлаштування осіб з інвалідністю та визначають обовʼязки роботодавців, проте контроль за виконанням залишається формальним і неефективним. У Польщі, Німеччині та Франції відповідні закони та нормативні акти передбачають обовʼязкові квоти, фінансові стимули, адаптацію робочих місць і чіткий контроль за дотриманням, що забезпечує високий рівень виконання та ефективну інтеграцію осіб з інвалідністю на ринку праці. Виявлено, що в Німеччині найбільша кількість судових позовів стосувалася технічної неадаптованості робочого місця; у Польщі – невиконання квот і відсутність супровідних послуг; у Франції – архітектурних барʼєрів і доступу до ESAT; в Україні – незаконного звільнення за ознакою інвалідності. Встановлено, що ефективність інклюзії значною мірою залежить від координації між державними структурами, роботодавцями та інституціями громадянського суспільства. Результати дослідження засвідчили, що для України пріоритетом має стати створення сталої системи регіональної підтримки, реформування професійної реабілітації, а також посилення контролю за дотриманням трудових прав осіб з інвалідністю. Практичне значення дослідження полягає в тому, що його результати можуть бути використані органами державної влади, зокрема міністерствами соціальної політики та праці, для вдосконалення нормативно-правової бази щодо працевлаштування людей з інвалідністю

Ключові слова

соціальна інтеграція; професійна реабілітація; трудова мобільність; доступне працевлаштування; правова адаптація

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