Право. Людина. Довкілля

Правові механізми забезпечення енергетичної безпеки України під час воєнного стану в контексті охорони природних ресурсів і захисту довкілля

Богдан Суржок
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Анотація

Метою дослідження було формування системного підходу до вдосконалення правових механізмів забезпечення енергетичної безпеки України в умовах воєнного стану на основі балансу безпекових та екологічних інтересів держави. Методологічну основу дослідження склали системно-структурний, порівняльно-правовий та формально-юридичний методи, використані для вивчення національного законодавства, міжнародних нормативно-правових актів та практичного досвіду європейських країн. Встановлено основні недоліки правового регулювання: відсутність спеціалізованих нормативно-правових актів щодо відновлення енергетичної інфраструктури з урахуванням екологічних стандартів, недостатня координація між органами влади та неповна імплементація європейських екологічних норм. Проаналізовано законодавчі засади успішного досвіду європейських країн: досягнення Німеччиною 45,4 % частки відновлюваних джерел енергії в електроенергетиці, впровадження Францією програми скорочення частки ядерної енергетики до 50 %, реалізація Швецією стратегії повного переходу на відновлювані джерела енергії до 2040 року, досягнення Данією показника генерації понад 50 % електроенергії з вітру та сонця, та впровадження Польщею програми диверсифікації енергетичного балансу із планом збільшення частки відновлюваних джерел енергії до 23 % до 2030 року. На основі європейських практик розроблено комплексні пропозиції щодо вдосконалення законодавства України: доповнення до Закону «Про правовий режим воєнного стану», створення спеціального Закону «Про енергетичну безпеку», формування єдиного координаційного центру при Раді національної безпеки та оборони України та впровадження механізмів стимулювання відновлюваної енергетики через систему «зелених» тарифів і спрощених адміністративних процедур. Результати дослідження створюють теоретичне та практичне підґрунтя для вдосконалення державної політики у сфері енергетичної безпеки та охорони довкілля в умовах воєнного стану та післявоєнної відбудови України

Ключові слова

відновлювана енергетика; екологічні стандарти; координаційний центр; зелені тарифи; Європейська інтеграція

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