Медико-правові та економічні (фінансові) аспекти спадкового права

Наталія Коробцова, Олег Печений, Арсен Ісаєв, Віктор Янишен
Анотація

Метою даного дослідження було обґрунтування теоретико-правових засад регулювання медико-правових та економічних аспектів спадкового права в сучасному контексті системи охорони здоров’я України. У дослідженні було використано порівняльно-правовий метод для вивчення європейських підходів до регулювання медико-правових аспектів спадкування, економічний аналіз для дослідження фінансових аспектів спадкових відносин за участю медичних закладів та міждисциплінарний підхід для оцінки правової природи медико-правових відносин. Було встановлено, що медико-правові відносини у спадковому праві є самостійною категорією цивільно-правових відносин з подвійною природою та потребують спеціального правового регулювання, яке інтегрує принципи спадкового права, медичного права та біоетики. У дослідженні було виявлено критичний вплив медичних витрат на структуру спадщини, зокрема у випадках онкологічних захворювань, де середня вартість лікування сягає 120 000 гривень, а трансплантація органів може становити 2,6 млн гривень, що створює об’єктивні передумови для накопичення значних медичних боргів. Аналіз продемонстрував необхідність розробки ефективних механізмів фінансово-економічного планування спадкування шляхом стратегічного медичного страхування та створення цільових медичних фондів. Систематизовано європейські підходи до регулювання медико-правових аспектів спадкування, включаючи французьку концепцію компенсаційних прав спадкоємців, німецькі гарантії захисту конституційних прав та швейцарські механізми обмеження відповідальності за надмірні зобов’язання. На основі цих висновків було розроблено низку концептуальних пропозицій щодо вдосконалення українського законодавства, зокрема створення спеціального правового режиму медичних зобов’язань з чітким розмежуванням між тими, що компенсуються, та тими, що не компенсуються Національною службою здоров’я України, а також запровадження системи планування медичної спадщини. Практичне значення дослідження полягає у створенні наукової основи для модернізації спадкового законодавства України з урахуванням специфіки медико-правових відносин та розробці механізмів захи

Ключові слова

охорона здоров’я; конфіденційна інформація; спадкові відносини; економічні (фінансові) інтереси спадкоємців; нотаріальна практика; правове регулювання

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