Правова основа екологічно сталого міського розвитку: канадська модель та напрями реформування законодавства України

Романа Кюнцлі, Андрій Степанюк, Ірина Березовецька, Олена Яра, Віктор Ладиченко
Анотація

У статті досліджено правове регулювання екологічно сталого міського розвитку шляхом порівняльного аналізу канадських та українських нормативних підходів до зеленого будівництва і просторового планування. Метою дослідження було визначення ключових елементів ефективного регулювання сталого будівництва та оцінка можливостей їх імплементації у законодавстві України у сфері містобудування, зокрема в умовах післявоєнної відбудови, кліматичної адаптації та європейської інтеграції. Дослідження ґрунтувалося на аналізі нормативно-правових актів та правозастосовної практики Канади, включаючи федеральне екологічне законодавство, модельні будівельні кодекси, провінційні регуляторні інструменти та муніципальні акти планування. Особливу увагу приділено механізмам інтеграції екологічних вимог у містобудівну документацію, дозвільні процедури, оцінку життєвого циклу будівель, зонування та інструменти «зелених» публічних закупівель. Результати дослідження засвідчили, що ефективність канадської регуляторної моделі забезпечується системною інтеграцією екологічних вимог у стратегічне планування, будівельні норми, політику зонування та дозвільні процедури, що функціонують у межах багаторівневої системи врядування та підтримуються превентивним контролем на стадії проєктування. Встановлено, що ключову роль відіграє не лише формальне закріплення стандартів, а їх інтеграція у всі етапи будівельної діяльності, включаючи застосування оцінки життєвого циклу будівель, поетапних стандартів енергоефективності та інструментів екологічно орієнтованих публічних закупівель. Водночас з’ясовано, що українська правова система залишається фрагментарною та переважно орієнтованою на технічні аспекти енергоефективності, що обмежує ефективність впровадження принципів сталого розвитку у сфері будівництва. Узагальнення отриманих результатів дозволяє стверджувати, що підвищення ефективності правового регулювання в Україні потребує переходу від формально-нормативної моделі до моделі, орієнтованої на практичну ефективність, системну інтеграцію екологічних критеріїв та інституційне забезпечення їх реалізації

Ключові слова

регулювання «зеленого» будівництва; екологічне право; містобудівне право; багаторівневе врядування; оцінка життєвого циклу будівель; регулювання енергоефективності; екологічне зонування

ЦИТУВАТИ
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