Встановлення причинно-наслідкового зв’язку у воєнних екологічних злочинах: криміналістичний аспект захисту права на життя у практиці ЄСПЛ

Віктор Шевчук, Тетяна Курман, Ігор Самощенко, Григорій Берченко, Денис Чекін
Анотація

Метою проведеного дослідження був порівняльно-правовий аналіз інструментів та процедур верифікації причинно-наслідкового зв’язку між деструктивним впливом збройних конфліктів на довкілля та порушенням права на життя. Процес наукового пізнання базувався на вивченні нормативних масивів та практики застосування міжнародних правозахисних стандартів щодо юрисдикцій України, Нідерландів та Азербайджану. У ході роботи встановлено, що станом на квітень 2026 року в Україні сформовано прецизійну модель криміналізації воєнної екологічної шкоди, де загальна сума зафіксованих збитків довкіллю сягнула 6,763 трильйона гривень. Виявлено, що нідерландська система розслідування базується на формуванні інтегрованих доказових ланцюгів, де дані про токсичність зброї дозволяють кваліфікувати масштабне забруднення як безпосередню загрозу безпеці населення. З’ясовано, що у практиці Європейського суду з прав людини екологічні наслідки збройних конфліктів можуть визначатися посяганням на фундаментальне право на життя за умови доведення реального та передбачуваного ризику для цивільних осіб. Масштабні руйнування екосистем та кліматичні збитки становлять довготривалу загрозу для безпечного існування населення. Обґрунтовано, що застосування інноваційних засобів цифрової фіксації та розвідки з відкритих джерел забезпечує належне документування шкоди у випадках обмеженого фізичного доступу до уражених територій. Визначено, що екологічна безпека має сприйматися як невід’ємна умова реалізації права на життя. Додатково констатовано, що компенсаційні та репараційні механізми можуть розглядатися як один із напрямів відновлення порушених екологічних і правозахисних гарантій. Практична значимість дослідження полягає в тому, що його висновки можуть бути використані слідчими органами та судовими експертами для формування ефективних алгоритмів документування, доказування й міжнародної верифікації воєнних екологічних злочинів у контексті захисту права на життя

Ключові слова

шкода довкіллю; документування шкоди; екоцид; судова експертиза; збирання доказів; методика розслідування; криміналістичні інновації

ЦИТУВАТИ
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