Право. Людина. Довкілля

Сутність прав людини та трансформація механізмів їх захисту

Ігор Сопельник
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Анотація

Метою дослідження було теоретичне обґрунтування та емпірична оцінка трансформації механізмів захисту прав людини в умовах воєнних викликів для формування науково обґрунтованих рекомендацій щодо підвищення їх ефективності. Методологічну основу дослідження становлять природно-правова концепція прав людини та системний аналіз статистичних даних з щорічних доповідей Уповноваженого Верховної Ради України з прав людини, рішень Європейського суду з прав людини та результатів експертного опитування. Дослідження виявило суттєву трансформацію правозахисних механізмів, що підтверджується зростанням кількості звернень до Уповноваженого з прав людини з 47 тисяч у 2019 році до 95 796 у 2023 році. Встановлено пряму залежність між доступністю правової допомоги та ефективністю захисту прав. Кореляційний аналіз також виявив сильний прямий звʼязок між кількістю регіональних представництв омбудсмана та кількістю звернень (r = 0.89), а також між інтенсивністю бойових дій та кількістю зафіксованих порушень прав людини (r = 0.92). За результатами експертного оцінювання, яке продемонструвало високий рівень узгодженості думок експертів, розроблено комплекс рекомендацій з середньою оцінкою потенційної ефективності 4.5 балів з 5. Найбільшу підтримку експертів отримали пропозиції щодо створення єдиної інформаційної системи обміну даними між субʼєктами захисту прав людини та розширення мережі центрів правової допомоги в регіонах. Результати дослідження створюють теоретичне та практичне підґрунтя для системного вдосконалення механізмів захисту прав людини в умовах воєнного стану та демонструють необхідність комплексного підходу до впровадження запропонованих змін з урахуванням регіональної специфіки та поточних викликів

Ключові слова

правозахисні інституції; бойові дії; моніторингове спостереження; внутрішньо переміщені особи; військовослужбовці

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